Dou you have a washer or dryer, or a cabinet that the kitten could get up to
that the dog can't?  Even a wide window sill would do.  Someplace where you
could feed the kitten and the dog can't get to the food.

Another suggestion is to block of an area for the kitten to eat in.

Put it on a shelf, table, or in a box.  The box can be open on the
top.
Cats can easily get to places that dogs can't.

The method I use for feeding my cats:
I park my6self on the floor to make sure the right cat is eating
the right food.  

The ideas for putting it somewhere cat accessible but not dog accessible is
a good idea! Two suggestions from my cat's favorite places to hang out are:
in an unused cabinet in the kitchen.  My cabinets are an old style and have
magnets to keep them closed.  My cat took it upon herself to take over an
empty one under my stove, which is also an older style and sits in the
counter.  She can open the door and everything, so to save space in my tiny
kitchen, I put her food bowl and her kitty condo in there and she love to
hang out there!  Another example, my linen closet.  She opens the closet
door, it's one of those accordion style doors, and hops up onto the lowest
shelf, which is probably about 3 feet high.  I stopped storing towels there
and gave it to her, complete with a little blanket for napping on.  Find
spots like that that you cat already likes to go to and put the food there.

When I brought home a kitten I didn't want the senior cat eating the
kitten food, so when I fed the kitten I put it in the bedroom and shut
the door.  When the kitten was done, I put the kitten food away.

A Shotgun ................