This is just from my experience but we have 3 cats. The oldest, a 20 year old, was here before we got our dog. Then after a few years we got a couple more cats, 2 and 4 months, now. The older cat could care less about our dog and the other cats. Our 2 year old is keen to staying away from the older one but the kitten does his best to piss her off. hehe

Our dog is an Australian Shepherd but a small one, not typical size. She plays with the younger cats as in she chases them down the hallway or a little in the backyard, probably thinking she is herding them. Sometimes it's the other way around with our kitten chasing the dog in the yard. LOL The only animosity our dog shows is when the cats get close to her when she eats.

This is just a guess based on my animal kingdom but if you get a young adult, it should be more submissive than aggressive and if it's a puppy it can learn it's way through getting along with the cats. It may just be a matter of teaching the dog/puppy.

As for breeds the only other one I've had experience with was a Beagle that lived with my oldest cat and they got along alright except for some quick nips.

 We have five cats, 2 females and 3 males, ages 13, 7, and three age 9 months.    
 They all get along well, play together, and have made a nice family.

Puppy!
My Jack Russell is great.
I'm not sure about how the *cats!* react though. I don't think the dog is
the problem.
Cats can hurt dog's eyes badly.

Carola

We have four cats, ages 8, 4, 4, and 4. We adopted a 3 year old
catahoula/pit mix, weighing about 70 lbs. She is generally submissive and
had been in homes with cats since she was a puppy. Our cats our actually
the more dominate part in this relationship. She gets along well with our
"son," Courage, and pretty well with two of the other cats. The fourth
cat, a female who we adopted recently is not used to dogs, and hits her
occasionally. When this happens, our dear canine cowers and gets out of
her way.
 

Coming late to this, Wayne, but I adopted and rescued my dogs when my
cats were 3 and 4 (first dog), and then 7 and 8 (second dog).  They got
along beautifully.  My first dog was a sub-adult Border Collie mix
(10-11 mos) and never had any problem integrating her into the mix
(although she sometimes would herd the cats).  My second dog was 7 or 8
weeks, Basenji Mix and she was more of an annoyance (obnoxious breed),
but they adjusted easily.

I would avoid the terriers - they tend to be very pray-driven.  IMO,
mutts are the best - you can't go wrong either in terms of personality
or health.  If you are dead-set on a purebred get a breed that likes to
be in a pack and get a puppy. Of the breeds you listed, a pug is most
likely to be easy-going and just go along with the flow.

Good luck!
-L.