 |
 | Home | Contact Us | FAQ | Search & Site Map | Link to Us |
 | Sign In | Join | Other 45 Sites in Network |
| HomeDiscussion GroupsGeneral TopicsCat AnecdotesHealth and BehaviorRescue CatKB.com Contact UsLink To UsSearch & Site Map |
Cat Forum / Health and Behavior / October 2007Typical "Shelter" Kitty?
Following the death of our beloved Amaretto from diabetes (he had the disease for 11 years, and tolerated all of our ministrations and those of the vet exceptionally well) and kidney failure, we adopted a new kitty, who we named Pemberton. "Pemberton" was the middle name of my maternal grandmother, and a name that I have always liked--even though my grandmother died very shortly after I was born--I only met her once. Pemberton won us over very quickly--just a little cutie--a short haired American tabby with yellow eyes to die for, and the cutest orange patch on her nose!! She and Alino (Amaretto's surviving blue point brother) get along fairly well despite the age difference--Alino is just over 16 years old now and becoming quite the "senior statesman", taking his frequent naps in the luxury of his new day bed, getting up to eat when he likes and use the litter box. He is not into play nearly as much any more due to his age and the onset of arthritis (which is being treated with twice daily Cosequin and a St. Joseph's children's aspirin every three days). Pemberton is now just over a year old, and adores to race around the apartment and play with anyone or anything whenever she can!! However, some of her behavior is rather odd (at least to us), and has been described to us as "typical shelter kitty" behavior. I just thought I would see if anyone else has seen these sorts of things in their kitties, adopted from shelters. BTW--Amaretto and Alino both came to us from a breeder--Amaretto at 2 days old, and Alino at age 3 months. Pemberton was adopted from the North Shore Animal League here in NYC, which sends animals up for adoption to our local PetCo every other Saturday for possible adoption to local patrons. (1) Pemberton ADORES to eat. She weighed only just over 4 pounds when we first adopted her in April. Today, she is just over 11 pounds!!! She gobbles down food like a maniac--and only wet food too--she does not like dry food and will only eat it if it has been mixed with her wet. Don't know where Pemberton is hanging out in the apartment? Just pop the lid off a can of her Friskies Salmon Dinner, and she will magically appear at your elbow before you can even start to spoon the stuff into her bowl!! She even likes to stick her nose into the spoon and start munching before everything is out of the can too!!<VBG> Amaretto and Alino both had healthy appetities (Alino still does, especially for his roaster chicken breast every afternoon), but Pemberton just eats like crazy--and always wants more!! She will even cry for food in the middle of the night, or pounce on my husband to wake him up so he can feed her if her bowl happens to be empty or nearly empty. We have taken to simply stirring up the left overs in her bowl in the wee hours, so that she does not get a fresh can on demand at all hours!! We assume (but do not know) that she was probably in competition for food with other kitties at North Shore--and just had to be first in line as soon as the can was opened in order to get her share????? (2) Pemberton has an unusual attraction to running water, especially water faucets, and drains. Whenever I load the dishwasher, she is always next to me at the sink, watching every move with fascination! She will even walk into the wet sink and sit in it after the dishes are gone! Take a shower? Pemberton is usually sitting right up on the rim of the tub, watching every move with intense interest. She does not seem to mind getting splashed a bit either. Once the shower is over, she will walk into the wet tub and stare at either the drain or the faucet, once again with extreme interest. But oddly enough, she rarely drinks water--only will take a sip if you put an ice cube in the bowl so she can play with it and have a sip!! We assume that Pemberton was probably "bathed" in between visits to PetCo and other stores where she was "on display" for possible adoption????? She certainly had clean fur and a very nice "shampoo" odor when she arrived at our apartment for the first time. (3) Pemberton plays and runs with incredible energy, jumping on things and chasing around like mad. We call it the "see if you can run around the apartment without letting your feet touch the floor" game, and she is VERY good at it--much better than either Amaretto or Alino ever were. But, once she is tuckered out, she just drops and sleeps--anywhere!!!! Having been cat owners for so many years, we have any number of comfy sleeping spots all over our apartment--day beds, kitty rounds with heating pads on the base, scratching posts with little hide-aways, etc.... but Pemberton usually ignores them. One is more likely to find her asleep (sound asleep) on the floor, on top of the couch back (not on a cushion), or on top of a printer or scanner!! And she sleeps very soundly too! As I write this, she is asleep on top of the scanner next to my computer, and even the sound of this typing is not bothering her at all!! Not sure where this behavior comes from, but perhaps it is again from some form of "competition" with other kitties at the shelter before she came to us????? I rather doubt she had access to comfy sleeping spots at the shelter, whereas Amaretto and Alino have never known anything else than cushioned, heated or just cozy sleeping spots!! TIA for any replies!! Peg > TIA for any replies!! > > Peg I think they are all different. My shelter cat is different. She weighed 7 pounds when I brought her home (a slim, "oriental build" gray tabby girl who had a litter of kittens at the shelter, 1-2 years old) and she has never weighed more than 7/3/4 lbs. She is not very interested in food, and just picks at it. She had a lot of good-natured energy when I brought her home and strettttttched first thing, on her side on the floor when she walked out of the carrier. That night she chased her tail on the bed while I read. She is the kind of cat that always looks like she is smiling at you. :) Still, she ran from both of us, and still does, except in our bedroom or in my office or the guest room--she sees the third level as her "territory," I think. The odd thing is she loves attention and petting, and if you chase her and catch her she blisses out and cannot get enough petting. She is very polite and mannerly--it is as though she is grateful to be here and worried about upsetting us. She comes and cries plaintively if he throws up, as though she is worried about making a mess. On the other hand, she loves to attack and destroy toilet paper rolls, and regularly captures and kills a rubber snake and brings it to me with lots of howling and great pride in her hunting prowess, lol Gracie is very smart and has such an expressive face--she is personality plus, but has impeccable manners, like a little lady. She's the most affectionate cat I have ever had and becomes even more so over time. I agree with Cybercat. They are all different. My shelter kitty enjoys eating, but isn't as agressive about it as Pemberton sounds. My shleter kitty has been with me for 2 1/2 years and still stretches more than any cat I have ever had [he is the first one from a sheter] and he was only at the shelter for 5 days before I adopted him! He is the most polite kitty I have EVER had! His manners are better than most children that I have seen. If I sit down at the breakfast bar for cereal in the morning or lunch - he LEAVES the room and doesn't come back until he hears me cleaning the dishes! He understands which furniture he is allowed on and which he is not. He seems to be very grateful and wants to do the right thing all the time. Some cats will eat all that you give them, whether they need it or not. You probably need to start cutting back on his food supply. Overweight cats get into all sorts of health problems, just like people do. > > TIA for any replies!! > [quoted text clipped - 29 lines] > plus, but has impeccable manners, like a little lady. She's the most > affectionate cat I have ever had and becomes even more so over time. > I agree with Cybercat. They are all different. My shelter kitty > enjoys eating, but isn't as agressive about it as Pemberton sounds. [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > bar for cereal in the morning or lunch - he LEAVES the room and > doesn't come back until he hears me cleaning the dishes! Angie sits next to me and waits patiently for me to finish a bowl of cereal. I leave her < 1tbsp of milk and that's our morning ritual. She's a little odd though. For example if we order pizza and you have a slice in your hand she'll try to grab it. But if you offer her a piece of meat from it, or some cheese she'll just walk away. We suspect her prior owners were college kids. There's one other behavior which supports that suspicion. She loves the smell of pot. If someone lights up a joint outside she'll run to the window. Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: > We suspect her prior owners were college kids. There's one other > behavior which supports that suspicion. She loves the smell of > pot. If someone lights up a joint outside she'll run to the > window. Sure, someone outside, huh? ; ) No, seriously though, I thought all cats had a predilection for plants in general. Or is that an entirely catnip concept?  Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. > Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: > [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > No, seriously though, I thought all cats had a predilection for plants > in general. Or is that an entirely catnip concept? Seriously - it's a regular thing in the city lately. The cops only bust the big time dealers but the regular users they leave alone. And I can only see it getting enforced less and less since we now have medical marijuana in RI. I think cats do like certain plants. Angie went absolutely insane over the catnip plant I had, until she got greedy one day and managed to kill the plant. Oh well. The pot/marijuana thing is interesting though. My other cats wouldn't respond to it at all. Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> [quoted text clipped - 19 lines] > The pot/marijuana thing is interesting though. My other cats > wouldn't respond to it at all. The few stories I have heard about marijuana were of dogs eating it and cats bathing in it. I could see the headlines now, "Local Man Charged With Intent To Distribute To Animals." Or even "Man Claims 100 Pot Plants Were Medicinal Cat Remedy." "Your Honor, my cat needs this weed for the proper cat-ification of his cat-like, cat-ness. Without it he will surely suffer a cat- astrophe." Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. > Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: > [quoted text clipped - 32 lines] > his cat-like, cat-ness. Without it he will surely suffer a cat- > astrophe." Laugh all you want but the way the RI Medical Marijuana law is written, either the person using can grow up to 12 plants, or they can select someone to grow it for them. I can see this one attracting the attention of the feds very soon. Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> [quoted text clipped - 38 lines] > > I can see this one attracting the attention of the feds very soon. Wow. That seriously is NUTS. And you are right, the FBI is going to be forced to do something. I mean, that basically allows anyone to grow pot. Yeah, I got a prescription and I have 4 different people growing 3 plants a piece for me. Or some other "odd" use of the law. That is like the pipe shop in this area where the owner claimed that everything in his shop was tobacco only, yet he also sold HUNDREDS of pipes that could ONLY be used to smoke methamphetamines! (Or basically ones that could not burn tobacco effectively, but rather "cook" the chemicals.) Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. Interesting that Pemberton did the "attack the toilet paper" thing with us too, but has since tired of the game--thank goodness!!. She also seems to know which toys are hers and which toys are Alino's!! Odd too--Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> Peg >> TIA for any replies!! >> [quoted text clipped - 29 lines] >plus, but has impeccable manners, like a little lady. She's the most >affectionate cat I have ever had and becomes even more so over time. >Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> They pick their moment. :) >>Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> > > They pick their moment. :) It is usually about 4 am when you have only have about 3 hours of sleep and you have to get up in an hour >>>Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> >> >> They pick their moment. :) > > It is usually about 4 am when you have only have about 3 hours of sleep > and you have to get up in an hour hahaha! This week, ten minutes before I needed to leave for an appointment, Gracie made a little howl, jumped onto my briefcase, knocked it horizontal, and threw up copious amounts of liquidy vomit onto it. She had gotten into the plant in the bathroom. I finally trashed the plant. :) > >>Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> > > > > They pick their moment. :) > > It is usually about 4 am when you have only have about 3 hours of sleep and > you have to get up in an hour And of course they're very strategic about the whole thing and they'll vomit right in your walk path. >> >>Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> >> > [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] >And of course they're very strategic about the whole thing and they'll >vomit right in your walk path. I just stepped in a hairball a few days ago. Ick. Although I must say, I would rather they puke in the walkway than on my bed. Fiona would pick the spot where all my blankets were folded back and layered so that she could hit all layers on one shot. And Maynard tried to puke ON me once. I was sleeping on my stomach, and I awoke to that sound that signals a hairball coming. I realized he was on my back, and there were no covers between us. I had the thought of puke on my shirt and no way to get out of it, and I flipped him onto the floor. I did apologize, but I was relieved not to be wearing it. > >> >>Pemberton has never vomited--yet!! <VBG> > >> > [quoted text clipped - 18 lines] > him onto the floor. I did apologize, but I was relieved not to be > wearing it. Cats are funny like that. I think alot of it has to do with comfort. They'll puke where they're most comfortable doing so. > Cats are funny like that. I think alot of it has to do with comfort. > They'll puke where they're most comfortable doing so. Gracie wakes me sometimes crying, with the kitty equivalent of "hey! *poke poke poke*" When I look around I see that she has thrownup IN the window sill where she likes to watch the birds and chipmunks and such, so she can't sit there. She clearly knows who serves who, regardless of her southern lady politeness. :) Response from "cybercat" <cyberpurrs@yahoo.com>: >> Cats are funny like that. I think alot of it has to do with >> comfort. They'll puke where they're most comfortable doing so. [quoted text clipped - 5 lines] > clearly knows who serves who, regardless of her southern > lady politeness. :) OK... I have seen enough puke talk to ask. What luck have you lads and lasses had with that anti-puke (hairball) stuff I have seen floating around. Does it actually work? Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. >OK... I have seen enough puke talk to ask. What luck have you lads >and lasses had with that anti-puke (hairball) stuff I have seen >floating around. > >Does it actually work? If they are having hairballs, it does help. It coats teh stomach to help the stuff pass through the system better. Older cats sometimes need more help since their system doesn't work as well. But I don't use it in a regular basis. Most cases of puke around here are caused by eating too fast, eating something bad (the dog gets into the trash sometimes), or anxiety. >Cats are funny like that. I think alot of it has to do with comfort. >They'll puke where they're most comfortable doing so. Yes, I agree. They all go to the bed (except Jay Jay) since that is where they are comfortable. That's what we people do too. We go to bed when we feel sick. I just haven't convinced them yet that they are supposed to learn over the edge and aim into the garbage can :) When Kira was young, she got seperation anxiety really bad. Anytime I went away overnight, I would come home to a bed with urine, poop, diarrhea, and puke. After the second time, I got smart and bought a vinyl tablecloth. I put it on top of the bed with fuzzy side up and taossed a couple throw blankets on top for comfort. When I got home, I could peel off the mess, throw it in the laundry and go to bed in a clean bed. No more waiting 4 hours to wash and dry the bedding. And once I was home, she returned to normal. It took a few years to completely go away, but she did get over it. And I never blamed her. She wasvery attached to me, sometimes literally. > >Cats are funny like that. I think alot of it has to do with comfort. > >They'll puke where they're most comfortable doing so. [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > And I never blamed her. She wasvery attached to me, sometimes > literally. Interesting, when Emily was alive she too had a bit of separation anxiety if you were gone for more than a few hours. She was primarily the SO's cat so what she'd do is seek out items of his clothing and tag them. Luckily the washing machine was just a few steps away but we were never able to break her of the habit. Instead we just made it so she couldn't get at any clothing to tag. And it was always HIS clothes, not mine. <snipped> Sounds like a typical kitty to me. All cats from the shelters act differently I saw all types there from the aggressive to the please I need to hide syndrome. the food issue might be from the shelter where the furball was in with an food aggressive cat that made it hard for the furball to get any. the water issue I know cats that will get in bath tubs with people. I have three out of six furballs that do their dangest to get into the shower while I am taking one even thou they know they are going to experience death from above. > (1) Pemberton ADORES to eat. She weighed only just over 4 pounds when > we first adopted her in April. Today, she is just over 11 pounds!!! [quoted text clipped - 16 lines] > Shore--and just had to be first in line as soon as the can was opened > in order to get her share????? Be careful. We had been free feeding for the longest time when we adopted Cosimo. He was a big kitten to begin with but he blew right up because he'd out-eat the other two cats. My first cat Randy used to have his nose in the bag of food, or be waiting by the bowl as the food fell out of the dish. > (2) Pemberton has an unusual attraction to running water, especially > water faucets, and drains. Whenever I load the dishwasher, she is [quoted text clipped - 11 lines] > certainly had clean fur and a very nice "shampoo" odor when she > arrived at our apartment for the first time. That's typical cat behavior. Many cats have an incredible attraction to found water. Randy used to actually get in the shower with me. He wasn't a pound kitty though. > (3) Pemberton plays and runs with incredible energy, jumping on things > and chasing around like mad. We call it the "see if you can run [quoted text clipped - 15 lines] > Amaretto and Alino have never known anything else than cushioned, > heated or just cozy sleeping spots!! At a year old there's still boundless energy. In fact most cats don't start to really get out of the kitten stage until almost 2 years old. After all three other cats were gone we adopted Angie. She was 3.5 years old when we got her and she's still got quite a bit of energy but you can tell she likes her naps. Bubba came from the pound, and he has his quirks. He refuses to go outside. At all. I took him out in the yard a few days ago and he wiggled till I put him down and then he headed straight for the door to get back inside. Quite the reverse from most cats, I think. He must have had a bad experience outside before he wound up in the pound. He absolutely *hates* all other cats. He either hisses viciously, or more usually runs away & hides. It was pretty funny to everybody but Bubba to see a 25 pound ex-tomcat chased under the couch by a tiny little 6 week old kitten. >Be careful. We had been free feeding for the longest time when we >adopted Cosimo. He was a big kitten to begin with but he blew right up >because he'd out-eat the other two cats. Same thing when I got Jay Jay. He was turned in by a lady who was tired of returning him to the neighbor. He was food crazy when I got him, so I had to pull the kibble even though we had always free fed all of our cats. He was 12.5 lbs when I got him and gained quickly. Part of it was that he was still growing. He turned out to be a Ragdoll, so he was younger than what we were told. He got up to 20lbs by the time we found the right weight loss plan for him. Larger kibble, so it took him longer to eat and satisfied him better. He went down and settled at 17 lbs which seems to be right for him. He is hefty, but not hanging down or sticking out like before. And if I dig through his fur, I can feel a little bit of rib in there. Once he settled down, I was able to return to free feeding. He has kibble available 24/7 and gets canned food twice a day. I think it took about a year to transition him and have him settle down and trust that another meal would always come. >My first cat Randy used to have his nose in the bag of food, or be >waiting by the bowl as the food fell out of the dish. Jay Jay sits by the feeding station when it is time for the canned food. And he comes and sits on the keyboard tray to let me know when the kibble is low (lonely kibbles cannot be eaten, they must have lots of friends). We just discovered a treat he likes (bonita flakes). He has never shown interest in any kind of treat, but he loves these. So, I am using them to entice him into being a lap and bed kitty. I know there is a cuddle boy inside, but he is still a bit cautious since he was trained off furniture by the previous owner. He is also wary of my bed since it is a waterbed. But he has been a brave boy with the bonita flakes as incentive. Response from Meghan Noecker <friesian@zoocrewphoto.com>: > We just discovered a treat he likes (bonita flakes). He has never > shown interest in any kind of treat, but he loves these. So, I am [quoted text clipped - 3 lines] > wary of my bed since it is a waterbed. But he has been a brave boy > with the bonita flakes as incentive. What's not to like? Dried fish flakes are yummy. *making mental note to see if Gabby likes them too* Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. > >Be careful. We had been free feeding for the longest time when we > >adopted Cosimo. He was a big kitten to begin with but he blew right up [quoted text clipped - 35 lines] > since it is a waterbed. But he has been a brave boy with the bonita > flakes as incentive. A waterbed! I've had bad experiences with cats and waterbeds. Angie is not allowed in the bedroom. I still have a minor allergic reaction though mostly it's just itchy eyes. It's odd though, one cat that we had named Emily didn't trigger a reaction. I miss that cat. I think in the case of Angie she's so new that I have to acclimate. We'd had Emily since she was a six week old kitten with ring-worm and real worms. >A waterbed! I've had bad experiences with cats and waterbeds. Angie is >not allowed in the bedroom. I still have a minor allergic reaction >though mostly it's just itchy eyes. Yep. I've had it over 15 years now. During the first year, I did have a couple pinprick holes that were easy to fix. Since then, nothing at all. I do keep a blanket below my sheet so that there is a little protection for the matress. But the cats don't usually run around with sharp claws on the bed. I do kepe them trimmed, and most of the time on the bed, they are sleeping or cuddling. > >A waterbed! I've had bad experiences with cats and waterbeds. Angie is > >not allowed in the bedroom. I still have a minor allergic reaction [quoted text clipped - 8 lines] > with sharp claws on the bed. I do kepe them trimmed, and most of the > time on the bed, they are sleeping or cuddling. When I think about it my problem was mostly kittens. They have needle sharp little claws. But it's still a firm rule that they're not allowed in the bedroom. >When I think about it my problem was mostly kittens. They have needle >sharp little claws. But it's still a firm rule that they're not allowed >in the bedroom. I'm actually working very hard to get my cat on the bed. All my prevois cats have been bed kitties, even under the cover kitties. My nephew's cat is really mine (I do the food, litter, etc), so he sleeps on my bed. But my own current kitty was trained off furniture by his previous owner and is also afraid of my waterbed. I just recently found a treat he really likes, so I am using them to get him on the bed. I am hoping that he will associate the bed with good things, and get used to it and start coming up on his own. Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: > I think in the case of Angie she's so new that I have to > acclimate. We'd had Emily since she was a six week old kitten with > ring-worm and real worms. Excuse my ignorance on the matter. What do you mean, "...and real worms."? I assume you meant the intestinal kind as opposed to ringworm (the fungal infection). Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. > Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: > [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > I assume you meant the intestinal kind as opposed to ringworm (the > fungal infection). Yes intestinal worms. They looked like little bits of rice so at six weeks old little Emily got de-wormed. Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> [quoted text clipped - 10 lines] > Yes intestinal worms. They looked like little bits of rice so at > six weeks old little Emily got de-wormed. Ah, OK. I am still getting used to having a kitty so I was not sure if there was another type I should be on the lookout for. Thanks, T. Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. Suddenly, without warning, T exclaimed (9/30/2007 12:35 PM): > A waterbed! I've had bad experiences with cats and waterbeds. Angie is > not allowed in the bedroom. I still have a minor allergic reaction [quoted text clipped - 6 lines] > had Emily since she was a six week old kitten with ring-worm and real > worms. Not necessarily. I've had Meep 11 years now, and just recently developed an allergic reaction to her. Didn't even realize it until this vacation - a week with no itchy eyes or runny nose, as soon as I get home, both start up. Damn. Where's that Loratadine? jmc > Suddenly, without warning, T exclaimed (9/30/2007 12:35 PM): > [quoted text clipped - 15 lines] > > jmc Interesting. In my casae I had so many allergies as a kid and a fairly smart allergist. I got desensitized to many of the things I was allergic to like stone fruits, etc. In fact on the scratch test the only group that really swells up is the trees and grasses. Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: >> Not necessarily. I've had Meep 11 years now, and just recently >> developed an allergic reaction to her. Didn't even realize it [quoted text clipped - 7 lines] > test the only group that really swells up is the trees and > grasses. I am so very grateful that the only allergies I have inherited from my mum was mild hay fever. So basically at the start of every hot summer I sneeze six to ten times a day. *shrugs* Signature-Lost Remove the extra words to reply by e-mail. Don't e-mail me. I am kidding. No I am not. > Response from T <nospam.kd1s@cox.nospam.net>: > [quoted text clipped - 13 lines] > my mum was mild hay fever. So basically at the start of every hot > summer I sneeze six to ten times a day. *shrugs* My tree/grass allergy mens that from the beginning of May to the last week or so of June I'm miserable without being medicated. Then late August to the first or second week of October. So five months out of the year I'm fairly miserable without the following: 180MG of Fexofenadine 5MG of prednisone and my Patanol eye drops.
|
Reply to this Message |
 Sign In
 Join
 My Latest Posts My Monitored Threads My Blog My Photo Gallery My Profile My Homepage Start New Thread Enable EMail Alerts Rate this Thread
|
©2008 Advenet LLC Privacy Policy - Terms of Use
This website includes both content owned or controlled by Advenet as well as content owned or controlled by third parties.